Peb tau hais ua ntejua li cas iav. Koj puas paub keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob? Lub keeb kwm ntawm iav hnub rov qab ntau txhiab xyoo. Iav kuj tau hloov zuj zus raws sijhawm. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws txog keeb kwm ntawm iav, kev txhim kho thiab nws daim ntawv thov niaj hnub.
Keeb kwm ntawm iav
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm iav tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau qhov kev vam meej thaum ntxov ntawm Egypt thiab Mesopotamia (tam sim no Middle East). Nyob ib ncig ntawm 3500 BC, tib neeg tau tshawb pom lub neej ntawm iav thiab pib tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem ua nws. Cov khoom iav ntxov tshaj plaws yog cov hlaws me me, cov duab kos, thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj.
Kev tshawb pom ntawm cov iav ntuj: Cov iav ntxov tshaj plaws yog khoom plig ntawm xwm. Volcanic kev ua ub no ua rau kub kub uas yaj cov xuab zeb, thiab ntuj iav, xws li obsidian, tau tsim. Lub iav ntuj no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm los ua cov cuab yeej thiab ornaments.
Glassmaking hauv Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Mesopotamia: Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Mesopotamia yog ib qho ntawm cov earliest cheeb tsam rau mastering technology ntawm glassmaking. Archaeologists tau pom cov iav hlaws thiab lwm yam iav me me ntawm cov chaw Iyiv thaum ub.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov iav qub
Los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, iav technology maj kis los ntawm Mesopotamia thiab tim lyiv teb chaws mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome.
Roman faj tim teb chaws lub sij hawm: Thaum lub sij hawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, iav manufacturing technology kuj maj mam tsim. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua BC, cov neeg Roman Babylonians tau tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm tshuab iav, uas tsuas yog txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm iav. Tshuab tshuab tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm siv lub tshuab tshuab kom tshuab molten iav rau hauv ntau yam duab, ua cov khoom iav ntau dua thiab siv tau.
Byzantium thiab lub ntiaj teb Islamic: Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws, iav ua tshuab tsis poob. Nws tau maj mam innovated thiab tsim nyob rau hauv Byzantium thiab Islamic cheeb tsam. Islamic craftsmen kuj qhia stained iav thiab ib co kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau hauv iav ua. Qhov no tso cai rau cov iav kom ncav cuag qhov siab tshiab hauv kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua.
Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis los ua cov iav tiaj tus. Lub khob yog thawj zaug tshuab ua ib lub pob, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim ib lub tog raj kheej. Txiav lub khob thaum nws tseem kub, ces flatten nws. Cov txheej txheem no tau txhim kho ntxiv hauv Venice hauv xyoo pua 13th.
Medieval thiab Renaissance iav
Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab Renaissance, tib neeg pib nrhiav kev ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab kho kom zoo nkauj iav. Cov iav tsim tshuab hauv Tebchaws Europe tau dhau los ua kev txhim kho ntxiv.
Venetian glassmaking: Venice yog qhov chaw ntawm European glassmaking thaum nruab nrab hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, Venetian kob ntawm Murano yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau glassmaking. Venetian craftsmen kuj tau tsim ntau yam tshiab iav, xws li iav tshuab, stained iav, thiab Mosaic iav.
Renaissance Innovation: Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, ob qho tib si kev tshawb fawb thiab kos duab tau nce siab. Cov neeg tau pib kawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem melting ntawm iav, vam tias yuav pom cov ntsiab lus txuas ntxiv tshiab hauv nws. Muaj tseeb tiag, raws li kev tshawb fawb tau nce zuj zus, cov neeg txawj ntse kuj tau tsim cov zaub mov txawv thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab. Ua ke nrog kev kawm txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muag pom, kev tsim tshuab ntawm cov iav tsom iav thiab cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag tau maj mam txhim kho.
Tuam Tshoj pib ua iav nyob rau sab hnub poob Zhou Dynasty. Cov iav raj, iav hlaws thiab lwm yam khoom tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom qub ntawm Western Zhou Dynasty. Ua ntej Northern thiab yav qab teb Dynasty, cov neeg Suav feem ntau hu ua iav rau hluav taws, iav pob tshab. Nws tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm Song Dynasty nws pib hu ua iav. Los ntawm Ming thiab Qing dynasties, nws tau siv los hu ua iav. Thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm qhov kub qis, zoo li opaque ceramics.
Lub evolution ntawm niaj hnub iav
Tom qab nkag mus rau lub sij hawm muaj kiv puag ncig, iav manufacturing technology ushered nyob rau hauv ib tug dav kev hloov. Kev siv tshuab ua kom yooj yim thiab ceev. Txoj kev tsim khoom lag luam tau zoo heev txhim kho kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom iav thiab txo tus nqi. Iav tau maj mam nrov thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv nrov.
