Tej zaum peb yuav tsis pom hauv lub neej, qhov tseeb, muaj iav ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, iav qhov rais ntawm lub tsev, lub qhov rais ntawm lub tsheb, sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev ua haujlwm, vases thiab lwm yam. Tej zaum koj yuav pom tam sim ntawd: Auj! Yeej muaj iav nyob txhua qhov chaw. Tab sis tej zaum koj yuav tsis xav tsis thoob, ua li cas lub khob tuaj txog ntawd?
Sib tov thiab melting
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw: Cov khoom raw ua ntej yuav tsum tau hnyav rau hauv cov grams tshwj xeeb thiab sib xyaw. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb. Koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog hu ua "cov khoom xyaw iav".
Melting: cov khoom xyaw iav sib xyaw yog xa mus rau hauv lub khob melting kiln. Lub cub tawg kub yog siab heev, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 1700 degree. Thaum kub kub, cov khoom xyaw iav tau qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab yaj rau hauv iav molten. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim iav. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua thiab tsim nyog lub sij hawm melting.
Kev tsim
Tom qab molten iav yog homogenized nyob rau hauv lub melting kiln, nws nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev tsim. Raws li cov duab thiab siv cov khoom kawg, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:
Float iav: Float iav yog txoj kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub architectural thiab automotive iav. Nws tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los. Tom qab lub iav molten ntws tawm ntawm lub cub tawg, nws ntws los ntawm ib tug ntws trough mus rau hauv lub ntab tank uas muaj molten tin. Cov iav ua kua nthuav tawm rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kua tin, ua ib lub iav du. Raws li lub strip maj mam txav thiab txias, nws maj mam hardens. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib lub iav tiaj tus nrog cov tuab tuab thiab du nto.
Blown iav: Blown iav yog tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom hollow xws li iav fwj thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Thaum lub tshuab tshuab, molten iav yog nqus mus rau hauv lub tshuab raj. Huab cua ces cua tshuab mus rau hauv lub khob los ntawm cov yeeb nkab, kom lub iav tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab qhib, thiab thaum kawg ua kom zoo. Tshuab tshuab tam sim no kuj muaj cov txheej txheem automated, thiab qee qhov chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem xaiv cov lag luam phau ntawv.
Rolled iav: Tom qab dhau ntawm ob lub chais, cov iav molten tuaj yeem nias rau hauv daim iav nrog cov qauv. Vim tias muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm cov menyuam, cov khoom iav nrog cov qauv sib txawv tuaj yeem raug nias raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Rolled iav feem ntau yog siv los ua cov iav zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj. Lawv feem ntau yog siv los kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev.
Drawn iav: Kos iav tuaj yeem siv los ua iav fibers. Molten iav tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub qhov me me thiab kos rau hauv cov iav nyias nyias. Tom qab ntawd peb ntxiv cov iav fibers rau hauv iav ntaub, iav xav thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Yuav siv tau rau hauv tsev rwb thaiv tsev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam.
Anneal
Tom qab lub iav tau tsim, nws kuj yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov txheej txheem annealing kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog txhua yam thiab ruaj khov ntawm iav. Koj puas paub tias annealing yog dab tsi? Annealing yog tus txheej txheem ntawm khaws cov iav ntawm qhov ntsuas kub rau lub sijhawm thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv lub khob tuaj yeem tso tawm sib npaug. Qhov no tiv thaiv nws tus kheej rupture los yog deformation thaum siv.
Machining thiab kho qhov chaw
Txiav thiab polishing: Annealed iav yog txiav, polished thiab polished rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Txiav yog txiav cov iav loj rau ib qho me me raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav nrog cov kws tshaj lij. Feem ntau siv yog pob zeb diamond cutter. Sib tsoo thiab polishing feem ntau du cov npoo ntawm iav. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov npoo ntse ntawm kev ua phem rau tib neeg lub cev.
Kev kho deg: Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom ntawm iav, kev kho saum npoo yog ib qho tsim nyog. Cov txheej txheem kev kho saum npoo feem ntau suav nrog txheej txheej, kua qaub etching, xuab zeb blasting, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem yog los txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ultraviolet, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom ntawm cov iav. Acid etching thiab sandblasting feem ntau yog siv los ua cov iav frosted, uas ua rau kom muaj zog thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov iav.
Kev soj ntsuam zoo
Tom qab lub iav tau tsim, nws kuj yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev ntsuas nruj ua ntej tawm hauv lub hoobkas. Xyuas kom nws ua tau raws li lub teb chaws thiab cov qauv kev lag luam.
